Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp. A genus in the Araceae familiy, genus, is a perennial-flowering plant that grows naturally in South Africa and Middle Africa (Wei and al., 2017). The genus is divided into two parts. Zantedeschia Aethiopica, also known under the name white-colored calla Lilies, is the first. This group has a rhizomatous internal organ and is evergreen. The second group, colored callas, have a tuberous storage system and require some time to dormancy (Zhang. Calla Lilies are available in both cut flowers as well as potted plants. Because of their beautiful inflorescence, these flowers are highly commercially valuable. (Jonytiene and al., 2017). According to Floraholland figures 2014, calla lily’s turnover in the Netherlands was 19 millions EUR (euro). It is a major contributor to horticultural trade earnings in America and the Netherlands. The yield of colored callas lily tubers in these two nations has dramatically increased in recent decades to meet demand from Asia and other foreign markets (Wei, et.al., 2017). Although conventional propagation is used to grow calla lily, it involves dividing the tuber. This method, however, requires high-skills. It also causes root softrot disease. Erwinia carotvora subsp. is responsible for bacterial softrot disease.
Carotovora, a serious problem among Zantedeschia Spp. Infections can occur at every stage of the life cycle, from the beginning of the plant’s growth to its storage. They spread quickly to calla lily flowers (Wright und al. 2002). In severe cases, it can cause death and plant destruction. This is a deadly disease that has been well-known for many years. Unfortunately, the industry of calla has not made any progress in addressing it (Cho and al., 2013, 2013). For satisfactory flower production, it is essential to acquire vigorous plants. To produce high-quality plants, it is essential to be able to apply principles and techniques starting with the selection of propagation material and ending with the management of seedlings (Oliveira 2007, 2007). Growers are seeking a solution to the problems associated with producing high-quality calla lily plants. In vitro methods can help reduce losses and improve quality (Cheng. et.al., 2003). The most efficient method of quickly obtaining many plants free from pathogens is tissue culture (Kulpa 2016). Micropropagation, which is the process of vegetative growth from various explants, is very popular in commercial settings. Reports highlighting the effectiveness of tissue culture techniques have shown that they can be used to quickly propagate Zantedeschia. Chang et.al.(2003) proposed a method of micropropagation for Zantedeschia albaculata through shoot tip proliferation. The optimal concentrations of 6-benzyladenine and thidiazuron (TDZ), respectively, were found to be more efficient. Koech and colleagues (2005) presented a protocol to in vitro regenerate Zantedeschia Albomaculata shoots using shoot primordium plants. MS medium can be used to create multiple high-quality shoots by adding 2.0 mg L-1 of BAP to the shoot explants. Their experiment showed that both the tuber and leaf explants failed to respond. Duquenne and colleagues (2006) explain that direct embryogenesis was inducible in Zantedeschia hybrids using media containing 2.0 mg L-1 NAA, 0.6 to 2.0m L-1 BA, and 2.0 mg L-1 ATP.
Gliozeris, Tamosiunas (2008) stated that Zantedeschia.cv. could be transferred. Ruby plantlets were made from MS medium with 0.3 mg L-1 AP and transferred to medium with various NAA concentrations. Sanchez et.al (2011) evaluated the growth of Zantedeschia.spp shoots in a temporary immersion. Kulpa (2016) found that Zantedeschia.rehmannii was the best medium for shoot growth. It contained 2.5 mgdm-3 of BAP. The plant’s high sensitivity to disease makes it difficult to create resistant cultivars. Unfortunately, there is no complete protocol for regeneration of calla Lilium. This has made it difficult to use new technologies for improving this crop. Because transgenes have been introduced into the genes of many plant species, it is necessary to successfully regenerate plantlets from cells.
We have found one report that has reported gene transformation in calla Lilium. Yip et al (2007) couldn’t produce callus so they were used to direct regenerate Zantedeschia elliottiana Florex Gold’. The report uses shoot basal tissues from shoot cultures that have a diameter over 4 mm for explants.
Regeneration in calla Lilium is difficult, and the mechanisms needed for in vitro regeneration are not yet available. This study had the objective to devise a method for Zantedeschia plants’ micropropagation. The current study is the only one to report the efficient indirect regeneration for colored calla lily. This protocol could be used in the future to overcome genetic engineering and in vitro mutant breeding barriers.
